Writing Guide › Paragraph Writing

Writing Frameworks

段落写作 — Paragraph Writing

Learn 4 reusable paragraph frameworks for HSK 4 writing tasks, build your connector toolkit, and practice with 6 guided challenges.

4 Paragraph Frameworks / 四种段落框架

These are not rigid formulas — they're flexible structures to help you organize your ideas. Each framework works across multiple exam topics.

叙

叙述经历 — Narrating an Experience

For: travel stories, dining experiences, medical visits, shopping stories

▶

开头

When + where + who — set the scene. 上个周末，我和朋友一起去了…

经过

What happened — describe the main event(s) in order. Use 先…然后…最后… or 首先…接着…

细节

A specific detail — one vivid moment that makes it interesting. 特别是… / 让我印象最深的是…

感受

Feeling or lesson — how you felt or what you learned. 这次经历让我… / 我觉得…

Sample Paragraph — A Dining Experience

上个星期六，我和同事一起去了一家新开的四川餐厅。我们先点了几个招牌菜，然后又要了一个火锅。菜的味道非常好，特别是那个水煮鱼，又辣又鲜，大家都觉得很好吃。这次聚餐让我们都很开心，以后还想再去。

Opening Time + who + where Sequence 先…然后… Detail Specific vivid moment Closing Feeling + future intention

描

描述介绍 — Describing People or Things

For: introducing a friend, a city, a festival, a sport, a technology

▶

是什么

Introduce the subject — who/what it is. 我最好的朋友叫… / …是中国的传统节日。

特点

Key features — 2-3 characteristics. 他/她/它最大的特点是… / 不但…而且…

举例

A concrete example — one story or fact to support. 有一次… / 比如说…

评价

Your opinion — why it matters to you. 我觉得… / 总的来说…

Sample Paragraph — My Best Friend

我最好的朋友叫小明，我们从大学开始就认识了。他性格很开朗，不但幽默而且很热心，同学们都喜欢他。有一次我生病了，他每天下课以后都来看我，还帮我带饭。我觉得有这样的朋友是很幸运的事情。

Intro Who + relationship Features 不但…而且… for dual traits Example 有一次… concrete story Opinion 我觉得… personal evaluation

论

表达观点 — Expressing an Opinion

For: views on online shopping, environment, technology, social phenomena

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话题

Introduce the topic — what phenomenon you'll discuss. 现在越来越多的人… / 说到…

观点

State your view — clearly say what you think. 我认为… / 在我看来…

理由

Give 1-2 reasons — support your view. 首先… 其次… / 一方面…另一方面…

总结

Conclude — restate or extend your view. 总的来说… / 所以我觉得…

Sample Paragraph — Views on Online Shopping

现在越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物。我认为网购确实很方便。首先，在家里就可以买到各种各样的商品，不用出门。其次，网上的价格往往比实体店便宜，还经常有打折活动。当然，网购也有缺点，比如看不到实物，有时候收到的东西和图片不一样。总的来说，我觉得只要注意选择可靠的商家，网购还是很值得的。

Topic 现在越来越多… trend intro Reasons 首先…其次… structured support Conclusion Balanced view + 总的来说

用

实用写作 — Practical Writing (Emails & Messages)

For: leave requests, greeting cards, feedback, invitations

▶

称呼

Salutation — who you're writing to. 亲爱的…老师：/ …你好！

原因

Why you're writing — state the purpose. 我写这封邮件是想… / 关于…的事情…

内容

Details — the specific information or request. 具体情况是… / 我希望能…

结束

Closing — polite ending. 谢谢您！/ 期待您的回复。/ 祝好！+ 署名

Sample — Leave Request Email

王老师，您好！我是四班的李明。我写这封邮件是想请假。因为我这两天感冒发烧了，医生说需要在家休息两天，所以明天和后天的课我不能来上了。落下的课我会找同学借笔记补上。给您添麻烦了，非常抱歉。谢谢老师！

学生：李明
3月18日

Greeting Respectful 您好 Purpose + Details Reason + duration + solution Closing Apology + thanks + signature + date

Writing Toolkit / 写作工具箱

Bookmark these phrases — they work across all paragraph types. Each phrase includes an English gloss.

Opening Sentences / 开头句式

上个周末/星期六last weekend/Saturday

有一次one time

最近recently

说到…我想起…speaking of...I recall...

大家都知道everyone knows

现在越来越多的人…more and more people...

Sequence & Time / 时间顺序

首先first of all

然后 / 接着then / next

最后finally

先…再…first...then...

后来later on

…的时候when...

Cause & Effect / 因果关系

因为…所以…because...so...

由于due to (formal)

因此therefore

是因为it's because

Contrast & Concession / 转折让步

虽然…但是…although...but...

不过however (casual)

尽管…还是…despite...still...

当然…不过…of course...but...

Addition & Progression / 递进并列

不但…而且…not only...but also...

除了…以外besides / apart from

另外in addition

一方面…另一方面…on one hand...on the other...

Closing Sentences / 结尾句式

总的来说overall / in general

通过这件事我明白了…through this I understood...

我觉得…是很重要的I think...is important

希望以后…I hope in the future...

所以我认为…so I think...

Writing Challenges / 写作练习

Write a short paragraph using the provided keywords. Use the self-evaluation checklist before revealing the sample answer.

介绍一次就餐经历

Write about a meal experience — where you went, what you ate, and how it was. Use the Narrating an Experience framework.

餐厅点菜味道特别开心

Self-Evaluation Checklist

I have a clear opening (time + place + who) I used at least one sequence connector (先/然后/最后) I included all 5 keywords I ended with a feeling or reflection I checked my punctuation (Chinese commas ，and periods 。)

上个星期六，我和朋友一起去了学校旁边新开的一家餐厅。我们点了几个菜，有糖醋排骨和西红柿炒鸡蛋。味道非常好，特别是那个糖醋排骨，又甜又酸，我们都很喜欢。吃完饭以后，我们在餐厅聊了很久。那天我们都非常开心，打算下个周末再去。

介绍你的好朋友

Describe your best friend — their personality, something they did, and why they're important to you. Use the Describing framework.

认识性格帮助有一次觉得

Self-Evaluation Checklist

I introduced who this person is I described 2+ personality traits I included a specific example or story I ended with my opinion or feeling I used all 5 keywords

我最好的朋友叫小红，我们是大学时认识的。她性格很开朗，喜欢笑，大家都喜欢跟她在一起。有一次考试前，我压力很大，她每天陪我复习，还帮助我整理笔记。因为她的帮助，我那次考得很好。我觉得能有这样的朋友是一件很幸运的事。

你对网络购物的看法

Share your views on online shopping — advantages, disadvantages, and your conclusion. Use the Expressing an Opinion framework.

方便价格缺点认为越来越

Self-Evaluation Checklist

I introduced the topic clearly I stated my opinion (我认为/我觉得) I gave at least one reason (首先/因为) I mentioned both sides (当然…不过…) I concluded with a summary (总的来说)

现在越来越多的人喜欢网上购物。我认为网购有很多好处。首先，网购非常方便，在家就可以买到各种东西。其次，网上的价格经常比商店便宜。当然，网购也有缺点，比如看不到实物，有时候质量不太好。总的来说，我觉得网购利大于弊，但要选择可靠的商家。

给老师写一封请假邮件

Write an email to your teacher requesting 2 days off due to illness. Use the Practical Writing framework.

老师生病请假休息抱歉

Self-Evaluation Checklist

I started with a proper greeting (老师，您好！) I stated my purpose clearly (请假) I explained the reason (生病) I mentioned how I'll catch up (补课/借笔记) I ended politely (谢谢/抱歉) with signature

张老师，您好！

我是您班上的学生王力。我写这封邮件是想请假两天。因为我昨天开始生病了，发烧38度多，医生让我在家休息两天。所以这周三和周四的课我不能来了。落下的功课我会找同学借笔记，尽快补上。给老师添麻烦了，非常抱歉。谢谢老师！

学生：王力

分享一次旅行经历

Write about a trip — where you went, what you saw, and what impressed you most. Use the Narrating an Experience framework.

旅游风景拍照印象值得

Self-Evaluation Checklist

I set the scene (when, where, with whom) I described what I saw or did I mentioned a specific impressive moment I ended with my overall feeling I used all 5 keywords

去年暑假，我去云南旅游了一个星期。那里的风景非常漂亮，到处是青山绿水。我们每天都拍了很多照片。让我印象最深的是洱海，湖水特别清，蓝蓝的，像一面镜子。那次旅行让我很放松，我觉得云南是一个非常值得去的地方，以后有机会还想再去一次。

介绍你家乡的一个节日

Introduce a traditional festival from your hometown or country. Use the Describing framework.

传统庆祝活动意义开心

Self-Evaluation Checklist

I named the festival and when it is I described 2+ activities or customs I explained why it's important I shared a personal connection or feeling I used all 5 keywords

春节是中国最重要的传统节日，通常在一月或二月。过年的时候，人们用很多方式庆祝。最重要的活动是除夕晚上全家一起吃年夜饭，然后看春节联欢晚会。大人还会给小孩子红包。春节的意义是团圆，不管在哪里工作，大家都会回家过年。每年春节我都很开心，因为可以见到很久没见的亲人。

All writing samples use HSK 4 level vocabulary and grammar. Topics are aligned with the 30 task descriptions (任务大纲) in the HSK 3.0 syllabus. For topic-specific vocabulary, visit our Topic Vocabulary page. For grammar patterns used in writing, see our Grammar Guide. Created by Mandarin Zone.

段落写作 — Paragraph Writing

用模拟考试检验写作水平