HSK 4 Grammar
介词与连词 — Prepositions & Conjunctions
Master the key function words that connect ideas, express cause, and frame topics in Mandarin Chinese.
12+
Words
2
Categories
30+
Exercises
Section A: 介词 Prepositions / 介词
A-1
对于 duìyú
regarding / as for
对于这个问题，我有不同的看法。
Duìyú zhège wèntí, wǒ yǒu bùtóng de kànfǎ.
As for this question, I have a different opinion.
对于学生来说，考试压力很大。
Duìyú xuéshēng lái shuō, kǎoshì yālì hěn dà.
For students, exam pressure is very high.
他对于自己的未来有很多想法。
Tā duìyú zìjǐ de wèilái yǒu hěn duō xiǎngfǎ.
He has many thoughts regarding his own future.
Note: 对于 introduces a topic for which the speaker expresses an opinion, judgment, or attitude. Often followed by phrases like 来说, 我觉得, etc.
A-2
关于 guānyú
about / concerning
关于中国历史，他知道很多。
Guānyú Zhōngguó lìshǐ, tā zhīdào hěn duō.
Regarding Chinese history, he knows a lot.
我看了一本关于环保的书。
Wǒ kàn le yī běn guānyú huánbǎo de shū.
I read a book about environmental protection.
关于这件事，我们下次再讨论。
Guānyú zhè jiàn shì, wǒmen xià cì zài tǎolùn.
Concerning this matter, we'll discuss it next time.
Note: 关于 introduces a topic objectively, often used in titles, headings, and neutral topic-setting. Unlike 对于, it does not imply a personal opinion.
A-3
由于 yóuyú
due to / because of (formal)
由于天气原因，航班取消了。
Yóuyú tiānqì yuányīn, hángbān qǔxiāo le.
Due to weather conditions, the flight was canceled.
由于工作太忙，他没时间锻炼。
Yóuyú gōngzuò tài máng, tā méi shíjiān duànliàn.
Because of being too busy with work, he has no time to exercise.
由于技术问题，比赛推迟了。
Yóuyú jìshù wèntí, bǐsài tuīchí le.
Due to technical issues, the competition was postponed.
Note: 由于 is formal and used in writing or official speech. It introduces a cause, often followed by the result. Similar to 因为 but more formal.
A-4
按照 / 按 ànzhào / àn
according to
请按照老师的要求完成作业。
Qǐng ànzhào lǎoshī de yāoqiú wánchéng zuòyè.
Please complete the homework according to the teacher's requirements.
我们按计划进行。
Wǒmen àn jìhuà jìnxíng.
We proceed according to the plan.
Note: 按照 and 按 both mean "according to." 按照 is slightly more formal; 按 is its shorter, everyday form.
A-5
作为 zuòwéi
as / in the capacity of
作为一个老师，他很有耐心。
Zuòwéi yī gè lǎoshī, tā hěn yǒu nàixīn.
As a teacher, he is very patient.
作为朋友，我应该帮助你。
Zuòwéi péngyǒu, wǒ yīnggāi bāngzhù nǐ.
As a friend, I should help you.
Note: 作为 frames the speaker or subject in a specific role or identity. It sets a perspective for what follows.
A-6
随着 suízhe
along with / as (expressing change over time)
随着科技的发展，生活越来越方便。
Suízhe kējì de fāzhǎn, shēnghuó yuè lái yuè fāngbiàn.
As technology develops, life becomes more and more convenient.
随着时间的变化，他的想法也不一样了。
Suízhe shíjiān de biànhuà, tā de xiǎngfǎ yě bù yīyàng le.
As time changes, his thoughts have also become different.
Note: 随着 expresses that something changes as another thing progresses. Often paired with 越来越 in the result clause.
对于 vs 关于 — Key Differences
| 对于 duìyú | 关于 guānyú | |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | As for / regarding (opinion) | About / concerning (neutral) |
| Usage | Introduces topic + opinion/attitude | Introduces topic objectively |
| Can modify nouns? | No (cannot say 对于...的书) | Yes (关于环保的书) |
| Used in titles? | Rarely | Yes (关于... is common in titles) |
| Example | 对于这件事，我不同意。 | 关于这件事的报告 |
Section B: 连词 Conjunctions / 连词
B-1
并且 bìngqiě
and / moreover
他学习很努力，并且成绩也很好。
Tā xuéxí hěn nǔlì, bìngqiě chéngjì yě hěn hǎo.
He studies very hard, and his grades are also very good.
这家餐厅很便宜，并且味道也不错。
Zhè jiā cāntīng hěn piányi, bìngqiě wèidào yě búcuò.
This restaurant is cheap, and the taste is also good.
Note: 并且 connects two clauses, adding further information. It is more formal than 而且 and emphasizes that both statements are true.
B-2
不仅/不光…还/而且 bùjǐn...hái/érqiě
not only...but also
他不仅会说中文，还会说日语。
Tā bùjǐn huì shuō Zhōngwén, hái huì shuō Rìyǔ.
He can not only speak Chinese, but also Japanese.
这个城市不光交通方便，而且环境很好。
Zhège chéngshì bùguāng jiāotōng fāngbiàn, érqiě huánjìng hěn hǎo.
This city not only has convenient transportation, but also has a good environment.
Note: 不仅/不光 introduce the first clause; 还/而且 introduce the second. 不光 is slightly more colloquial than 不仅.
B-3
另外 / 此外 lìngwài / cǐwài
in addition / furthermore
你需要带护照，另外还要带签证。
Nǐ xūyào dài hùzhào, lìngwài hái yào dài qiānzhèng.
You need to bring your passport; in addition, you also need to bring your visa.
这门课很有趣。此外，老师也很有经验。
Zhè mén kè hěn yǒuqù. Cǐwài, lǎoshī yě hěn yǒu jīngyàn.
This course is very interesting. Furthermore, the teacher is also very experienced.
Note: Both add supplementary information. 此外 is more formal (written); 另外 is common in both speech and writing.
B-4
甚至 shènzhì
even / to the extent that
他太忙了，甚至连吃饭的时间都没有。
Tā tài máng le, shènzhì lián chīfàn de shíjiān dōu méiyǒu.
He's so busy that he doesn't even have time to eat.
这个地方很安静，甚至听不到汽车的声音。
Zhège dìfāng hěn ānjìng, shènzhì tīng bú dào qìchē de shēngyīn.
This place is so quiet, you can't even hear the sound of cars.
Note: 甚至 escalates the degree or introduces an extreme case. Often paired with 连...都/也 for emphasis.
B-5
因此 yīncǐ
therefore / as a result
他每天都坚持锻炼，因此身体很健康。
Tā měitiān dōu jiānchí duànliàn, yīncǐ shēntǐ hěn jiànkāng.
He exercises every day, and therefore his body is very healthy.
这条路正在修，因此我们需要绕道。
Zhè tiáo lù zhèngzài xiū, yīncǐ wǒmen xūyào ràodào.
This road is under repair, therefore we need to take a detour.
Note: 因此 introduces a result or conclusion based on the preceding cause. More formal than 所以.
B-6
不过 búguò
however / but
这家店的东西不便宜，不过质量很好。
Zhè jiā diàn de dōngxī bù piányi, búguò zhìliàng hěn hǎo.
The things at this store are not cheap, but the quality is very good.
今天有点累，不过还是去了健身房。
Jīntiān yǒudiǎn lèi, búguò háishì qù le jiànshēnfáng.
I'm a bit tired today, but I still went to the gym.
Note: 不过 is a softer "but" compared to 但是. It introduces a mild contrast or concession, often used in conversational Chinese.
Contextual Fill-in / 语境填空
Read the situation, then choose the best preposition or conjunction for the blank. Sometimes more than one answer is acceptable!
Situation
Error Spotting / 纠错练习
Is this sentence using the preposition or conjunction correctly? Judge each one.
Comprehensive Quiz / 综合测试 (12 questions)
环保问题，政府出台了新政策。
关于 introduces the topic objectively ("Regarding environmental issues, the government has introduced new policies"). 对于 would require an opinion or attitude to follow, not a factual statement. 由于 means "because of" which doesn't fit.
天气不好，运动会推迟了。
由于 means "due to" and introduces a cause. "Due to bad weather, the sports day was postponed." 关于 means "about" (wrong meaning), 随着 means "as/along with" (wrong), 按照 means "according to" (wrong).
他不仅会弹钢琴，会拉小提琴。
不仅...还 is a fixed pair meaning "not only...but also." 还 completes the pattern. 并且 could work grammatically but doesn't pair with 不仅. 因此 means "therefore" (wrong logic). 不过 means "however" (opposite meaning).
经济的发展，人们的生活水平提高了。
随着 means "as/along with" and expresses change over time: "As the economy develops, people's living standards have improved." 由于 would mean "because of" which is close but doesn't convey the gradual progression.
请规定的时间交作业。
按照 means "according to": "Please submit homework according to the specified time." 关于/对于 mean "about/regarding" (wrong meaning). 随着 means "along with" (wrong).
一个中国人，我很自豪。
作为 means "as/in the capacity of": "As a Chinese person, I am very proud." It frames the subject's identity. The other options don't fit this role-framing function.
这里的风景很美，空气也很新鲜。
并且 means "and/moreover" connecting two parallel positive statements: "The scenery here is beautiful, and the air is also fresh." 不过 means "but" (wrong — no contrast). 因此 means "therefore" (no causal link). 甚至 means "even" (too extreme).
他太紧张了，说话都说不清楚。
甚至 means "even/to the extent that" and escalates: "He was so nervous, he couldn't even speak clearly." This expresses an extreme consequence. 并且 just adds info; 不过 contrasts; 因此 states a result but doesn't convey the extreme degree.
他每天认真学习，考试考得很好。
因此 means "therefore": "He studies diligently every day; therefore he did well on the exam." This shows a cause-result relationship. 不过 means "but" (wrong logic). 甚至 means "even" (doesn't fit). 并且 just adds info without showing causation.
今天的菜味道不太好，价格还可以。
不过 means "however/but" and introduces a mild contrast: "Today's food doesn't taste great, but the price is okay." 因此 means "therefore" (wrong — no causal link). 并且 adds similar info (but here it's a contrast). 甚至 means "even" (wrong).
Which sentence is INCORRECT?
对于 cannot modify a noun directly. You cannot say 对于...的书. The correct form is 关于中国文化的书. 对于 is used to introduce a topic for an opinion, not as a noun modifier.
这个问题很复杂，需要更多时间讨论。，我建议下周再开会。
因此 introduces the result ("therefore we need more time") and 另外 adds a supplementary suggestion ("in addition, I suggest meeting next week"). The other combinations don't make logical sense in this context.
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